Which condition is associated with an increased risk for pulmonary emboli?

• A. Cystic fibrosis
• B. Factor V Leiden
• C. Sickle cell anemia
• D. Down syndrome

Answer: (B)

The association between Factor V Leiden and an increased risk for pulmonary emboli is well established in medical literature. Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that leads to a resistance to activated protein C, an important protein in regulating blood clotting. This resistance results in a hypercoagulable state, which increases the likelihood of thrombosis, particularly in the deep veins of the legs. When a blood clot forms in these veins, it can dislodge and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism.

In contrast, while conditions like cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and Down syndrome can have implications for overall health and may contribute to complications in some cases, they do not have the same direct association with an increased risk of venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli as Factor V Leiden does. Thus, understanding the nature of Factor V Leiden's role in coagulation provides clarity on its significant association with this serious condition.