What is a common inherited risk factor for venous thromboembolism?

• A. Factor V Leiden
• B. Antithrombin deficiency
• C. Protein C deficiency
• D. Prothrombin mutation

Answer: (A)

Factor V Leiden is a well-recognized inherited risk factor for venous thromboembolism due to a genetic mutation that affects the clotting factor V. This mutation makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C, which is a critical process for regulating blood clotting. When this regulation is impaired, there is an increased tendency to form abnormal blood clots in the veins, leading to conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Individuals with this mutation have a significantly higher risk of developing blood clots compared to those without the mutation. It is one of the most common hereditary clotting disorders and is implicated in both personal and family histories of thrombotic events, making understanding its implications essential for risk assessment and management in patients prone to venous thromboembolism.

While factors like antithrombin deficiency, protein C deficiency, and prothrombin mutation also contribute to thrombotic risks, Factor V Leiden is particularly prevalent and recognized as a pivotal genetic risk factor that has significant clinical implications, especially in the context of pregnancy, surgery, and prolonged immobility.